TEXTILE FIBRE

TEXTILE FIBRE

• Definition of fibre:

Fibre is the material which is made from natural or man made sources. i.e It is made up of cellulose, proteins or various polymers and length as to width ratio is 1000:1. It may be in the form of hair like strand. Then textile fibre is converted in yarns and fabric.

TEXTILE FIBRES

• Staple fibre:

Staple fibre is the part of the filament. Filament is the continous strand of fibres having length in kms. Staple fibre is the discrete lenth of fibre may be of any composition.

• Filament:

Filament is the continous strand of the fibre having very long lengh and very less diameter.

• Concept of molecular weight:

Molecular weight is the sum of the atomic weight. Molecular is very important of the continous filament strand. It imparts strenght and modulus to fibre. It is mist in the certain limit or range. If molecular weight is exceed of its limit then it is difficult to process polymeric material like polyster, nylon, acrylic. When it is lowe than limit then fibre or fillament will not be formed.
   Polyethylene- above 100000 gms/mole
   Polypropylene-above 80000 gms/mole
   Acrylic-around 60000 gms/mole
   Polyster-between 14000 to 18000 gms/mole
   Nylon-between 14000 to 18000 gms/mole

• Degree of polymerization:

It is the number of repeating units of molecular weight.

Where n=Degree of polymerization

• Orientation:

It is long linear chain of the monomers. Means the the long linear chain of polymer.
          Effects of Orientation:
1) The molecules slide over each other.
2) The molecules turn into the direction of drawing, that’s why after being drawn the fiber axis is oriented to parallel.
3) Increased fiber crystallinity.
4)Fiber properties are modified by the increase in the degree of orientation.

• Crystanality:

It is 3 dimensional, regular and compact arrangement of molecules or atom in free space gives crystalline structure to polymer.
          It imaparts following properties in the yarn:
1) Strength
2) Durability
3) Demenstional stability
4) Thermal resistance
5) Stiffness
6) Rigidity

• Amorphous:

Irregular and random arrangement of molecules or atom which forms some openness in structure called as amorphous region
          It imparts following properties in the yarn:
1) Elongation
2) Moisture absorbtion
3) Dye take up property
4) Elasticity
5) Flexibility
6) Shrinkage

• Published By:

Abhijeet Jagdale.
Dept. Of Textile Technlogy,
DKTE Textile and Engineering Institute,Ichalkaranji.