JUTE FIBRE: PART 1

JUTE FIBRE: PART 1

JUTE FIBRE

Jute is an agricultural product and chemically known as ligno-cellulosic fiber. The fibres are arranged in the bast or phloem region of the jute plant consisting of pyramidal wedges, fibre bundles in each wedge are further arranged in large number (8 to 12) layers. The ultimate cells of individual fibres are formed by the alpha-cellulose where as the presence of hemi-cellulose and lignin cements the ultimate fibres. As a result jute fibres form a mesh or network in which the individual fibres or strands have no identity.

• MORPHOLOGY OF JUTE:

MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF JUTE

Epidermis:

On the outside of the steam is the epidermis which is young plants is green and soft but becomes harder. Perticularly at the rootend as the plant mature.

Cortex:
The innerside of the epidermis called cortex which are the bundle of fibres.

Cambium:
Continous layer about 5 cells thick running completely round the steam.

Xylem:
As the plant becomes mature more and more woody.

Canel:
Centre or steam, mature chorchorus olitorius stem is usually hollow but chorchorus capsularies stem still contains a soft pith.

Cambium:
• It plays an extreamly important part in the life of the plant and is particularly interesting because of its form.
• The fibre bundles are roughly triangular in shape with their base towards the cambium and their apex towards the epidermis.
• In the bundles the oldest fibre at the apex and most recently formed at the base. Thus oldest fibres are continually being pushed outward by the newly formed once.
• Ultimates are cemented together to form the fibres of commercial usuage run along the stem of the plant.

• CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF JUTE:

• Jute is mainly composed of polysaccharides and lignin but it also contains smaller amount of fats and waxes, pectin, nitrogenous, coloring and inorganic matters.
• The polysaccharides or glucose units are of two types such as alpha-cellulose (C6H10O6)n and hemi-cellulose.

CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF JUTE

• As a major composition of jute, the cellulose chain molecule is the basic building unit of cell wall and formed by the linear combination (polymerization) of a series of glucose rings.
• The repeat unit of cellulose molecule is known as ‘cellobiose’ residue, consisting of two glucose residues.
• In the cellulose molecule, each glucose residue is linked with the next glucose residue through a strong covalent bond of strength 50 Kcal/mole. The hydroxyl (-OH) groups protruding from the edges of the cellulose chain can link up with other hydroxyl (-OH) groups through the formation of comparatively weaker (15 Kcal/mole) hydrogen bonds.
• Water molecule can also be attached with protruding hydroxyl (-OH) groups through the same hydrogen bonding. The other lateral force of attraction, operating along the faces of the cellulose chains, is the usual weak van der Waals force (6 Kcal/mole). Out of all, the presence of covalent bond mainly influences the strength and bending properties of jute fibres.
• The hemicelluloses are short linear polymers, the major constituent of which is methylglucouronoxylan.
• The lignin has a high polymeric complex structure whose building unit is a phenylpropane with a number of reactive groups, hydroxyl and methoxyl. Above all jute is acidic in nature due to presence of poly-uronic acid in hemi-cellulose.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF JUTE

• PUBLISHED BY:

APURVA MALWADKAR.

DEPT. OF TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY.

DKTE TEXTILE AND ENGINEERING INSTITUTE.